英汉传神翻译欣赏与训练（1）

一、引言：什么是翻译？怎样做好英汉翻译？

翻译就是把一种语言的意思用另一种语言准确地表达出来。翻译涉及两个过程，一是对原文的透彻理解，二是对原文的准确再现。要想做好英汉翻译，前者要求译者有深厚的英语功底，后者要求译者有深厚的汉语功底。就文学翻译来说，它是一种艺术的再现，或者说是一种受约束的艺术创作。笔者认为，文学翻译的最高境界是“传神”。所谓“传神”，就是把原文的意思表达得非常准确，意境展现得非常逼真、鲜活，让人读后产生一种拍案叫绝的冲动。

从事翻译创作时，除了深厚的中外语言功底外，我们还可以利用强大的网上资源，包括词典、百科、图片、新闻等等。为了透彻理解英文原意，笔者强烈建议使用美英网站免费提供的词典，如美国的Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary（

https://www.merriam-webster.com）。另外，英汉翻译中会遇到很多不好理解的习惯用语，如无法在上面的词典中解决，笔者推荐使用The Free Dictionary（

https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com）。再者，对于人名和地名的翻译，除了可以使用商务印书馆的《英语姓名译名手册》《美国地名译名手册》等参考书籍外，也可以参考网上的“有道词典”（http://dict.youdao.com）和“谷歌翻译”（

https://translate.google.cn）等网上资源。

二、英汉传神翻译欣赏与训练（1）

将下面的句子传神地翻译成汉语：

I would give a weak apology by telephone.

相关段落/背景信息：

下面段落的作者是一位美国宇航员，他由于长期在外为太空飞行进行训练而引发了妻子的不满。

I would come home so tired that it felt as if I were hauling a backpack full of rocks, hardly in a mood to cheer her up. The constant travel and training, under incredible tension, was taking a physical, emotional, and mental toll. I felt that sleep meant I was wasting time, cheating my colleagues and not carrying my weight, because there was so much yet to learn. Tunnel vision closed in, and missing birthdays and anniversaries and important events somehow became acceptable to me. Sacrifices had to be made, and after missing one birthday or anniversary, it was easier to miss the next one, and the next.

I would give a weak apology by telephone. “I m sorry, honey, but I wont be home to take you to dinner tonight for our anniversary.”

She would offer weak absolution. “Thats all right. I understand. I dont mind.”

难点分析/翻译技巧：

在I would give a weak apology by telephone中，都是常用单词，整个句子也不难理解，这里考验的是读友的汉语功底——能不能把原文的意境传神地展现出来，其难点在于weak一词的翻译。

试译：我会打个电话，给她一个不痛不痒的道歉。

这里的“不痛不痒”翻译得就非常传神。

二、英汉传神翻译欣赏与训练（2）

将下面的句子传神地翻译成汉语：

He went ahead. “When much to my surprise, a pair of bonny eyes,” then lost the verse, trailing off into an aimless “be-doopy-doo-doo ...”

相关段落/背景信息：

两位宇航员在月球上一边工作一边唱歌：

Eventually, Mission Control gave us the bad news. We were forty minutes behind schedule, and the first days geology had to be trimmed. Instead of the mile-and-a-half trip south to Emory, we would stop halfway, in a boulder field near the crater Steno. Jack was not a happy camper. Still, he couldnt repress his sheer delight at being up here, and again broke into song. “I was strolling on the Moon one day ...”

He went ahead. “When much to my surprise, a pair of bonny eyes,” then lost the verse, trailing off into an aimless “be-doopy-doo-doo ...”

训练要求：

只需翻译标绿的句子。读友可以把自己的翻译放在评论区与其他读友交流，等下期发布笔者的讲解和翻译后再进行比较和对照。通过训练、交流、比较和举一反三，来不断提高自己的翻译技能，并最终达到英汉传神翻译的最高境界。

我们下期将给出“英汉传神翻译欣赏与训练（2）”的难点分析和翻译技巧以及笔者的翻译，供读友围观、欣赏或批评指正。欢迎各位读友参与训练和交流。

（本讲座每周一期，其中的译例都是笔者从自己的纪实文学译著中精选的。为了进一步发挥文章的作用，感谢大家关注、阅读、点赞和转发分享，特别是向英语和英汉翻译专业的师生们推荐。

作者简介：从事英汉口译和笔译36年的英语爱好者；全国第一届和第二届“韩素音青年翻译奖”竞赛一等奖获得者；地道英语和传神翻译的倡导者和实践者。）

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